Annual Pet Cost Report 2026

Key Findings

2025–2026 Trends

Sources

Every external statistic in this report is listed below with its publisher, sample size and publication date. Figures described as our own estimates are calculated from this site's cost model — set out on the methodology page — and are not survey research. We do not conduct our own owner surveys.

1. Synchrony — 2025 Pet Lifetime of Care Study
   Nearly 8 in 10 pet owners underestimate lifetime cost of care; lifetime cost $22,125–$60,602 for dogs and $20,073–$47,106 for cats over 15 years; 74% faced an unexpected cost above $250; 31% could comfortably absorb a major pet expense.
   Published 2025-06 · 4,861 US pet owners surveyed 31 Jan – 22 Feb 2025, weighted to US Census demographics · last checked 2026-09-02
2. MetLife Pet Insurance — The True Cost of Pet Emergencies
   4 in 5 owners have faced an unexpected veterinary expense, averaging $1,100; 15% have spent $3,000 or more; nearly 90% have no dedicated pet savings; 35% have delayed or declined treatment on cost grounds.
   Published 2025-01-15 · 1,000 US pet owners · last checked 2026-09-02
3. North American Pet Health Insurance Association (NAPHIA) — 2025 State of the Industry Report
   7.03 million pets insured in North America (+20.9% year on year); average US accident-and-illness premium of $749.29/year for dogs and $386.47/year for cats; penetration of roughly 4% of North American dogs and cats.
   Published 2025-04-22 · Industry-wide data for North America, year-end 2024 · last checked 2026-09-02
4. American Pet Products Association (APPA) — 2026 State of the Industry Report
   US pet industry spending reached $158 billion in 2025, up 3.7% year on year, with 22% of owners reducing spending during the year.
   Published 2026-03-26 · US pet industry aggregate spending · last checked 2026-09-02
5. Morris Animal Foundation — Golden Retriever Lifetime Study
   More than 60% of Golden Retrievers die of cancer. The study tracks hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma and high-grade mast cell tumours.
   Published 2022 · 3,044 privately owned Golden Retrievers enrolled from 2012, followed for life · last checked 2026-09-02
6. Royal Veterinary College (VetCompass) — Study identifies cancers as health priority in Boxer dogs
   Cancer is the most common cause of death in Boxers and the breed's leading health priority; roughly one in seven Boxers is diagnosed with cancer annually.
   Published 2023 · UK primary-care veterinary records via the VetCompass programme · last checked 2026-09-02
7. US Bureau of Labor Statistics (Consumer Price Index), as reported by GlobalPETS — CPI: veterinary services, September 2025
   Veterinary services rose 7.8% in the twelve months to September 2025, against 3.0% for the all-items index; pet food and treats rose 0.5%.
   Published 2025-11-25 · US urban consumer price index · last checked 2026-09-02
8. Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Schellenberg DB, Raghavan M, Lee TL (Purdue University), Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association — Incidence of and breed-related risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs (JAVMA 2000;216(1):40–45)
   Lifetime risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in Great Danes estimated at 42.4%, the highest of the breeds studied. The eleven breeds followed were Akita, Bloodhound, Collie, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner, with a 5.7% cumulative incidence across them; no breed outside that list has a lifetime risk figure from this work. Related analyses of the same cohort report lifetime risk across Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner spanning 3.9% (Rottweiler) to 36.7% (Great Dane), so published Great Dane estimates range from roughly 37% to 42%.
   Published 2000-01-01 · Prospective cohort of 1,914 dogs across 11 large and giant breeds, recruited at dog shows and followed over time · last checked 2026-09-21
9. Stephenson HM, Fonfara S, López-Alvarez J, Cripps P, Dukes-McEwan J (University of Liverpool), Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Screening for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Great Danes in the United Kingdom (JVIM 2012;26(5):1140–1147)
   Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) prevalence of 35.9% in this screened population, against 11.8% in earlier prospective screening and about 3.9% in hospital populations. Prospective screening studies therefore span roughly 11.8–35.9%; no published figure supports a higher single prevalence such as 38%.
   Published 2012-09-01 · 103 Great Danes screened by echocardiography in the United Kingdom · last checked 2026-09-21
10. Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery — Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK (JFMS 2024)
    Life expectancy at age 0 for UK companion cats is 11.74 years (95% CI 11.61–11.87); 12.51 years for females and 11.18 for males. Of 12 breeds analysed, Burmese (14.42) and Birman (14.39) had the greatest life expectancy and Sphynx the shortest at 6.68 years. Being entire, purebred status and non-ideal body weight were each associated with decreased life expectancy.
    Published 2024-05-06 · 7,936 confirmed deaths in cats under UK primary veterinary care in 2019, via the VetCompass Programme · last checked 2026-09-22
11. Payne JR, Brodbelt DC, Luis Fuentes V (Royal Veterinary College), Journal of Veterinary Cardiology — Cardiomyopathy prevalence in 780 apparently healthy cats in rehoming centres (the CatScan study) (J Vet Cardiol 2015;17:S244–S257)
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in 14.7% of apparently healthy cats — common, in contrast to other cardiomyopathies. Establishes that HCM is frequently present without clinical signs, which is why at-risk breeds are screened by repeat echocardiography.
    Published 2015-12 · 780 apparently healthy cats aged 6 months or older at two UK rehoming centres, screened by echocardiography over 17 months · last checked 2026-09-22
12. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis — Feline DNA tests: progressive retinal atrophy (PRA rdAc) and erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency
    PRA rdAc is an autosomal recessive late-onset blindness of Abyssinian, Somali and some Ocicat cats; vision is normal at birth, degeneration is detectable by electroretinography at about seven months, and affected cats are usually blind by 3–5 years. Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency, an inherited haemolytic anaemia, is documented in Abyssinian and Somali cats. DNA tests exist for both.
    Published 2026 · Breed-specific diagnostic test documentation · last checked 2026-09-22
13. Van der Linde-Sipman JS, Niewold TA, Tooten PCJ, de Neijs-Backer M, Gruys E (Utrecht University), Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology — Generalized AA-amyloidosis in Siamese and Oriental cats (Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997;56:1–10)
    Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 12 of 194 cats (6.2%) in this post-mortem series, with enlarged pale livers showing haemorrhage among the major findings. This is the frequency within cats submitted for post-mortem, not a population prevalence.
    Published 1997 · 194 Siamese and Oriental cats presented for post-mortem examination over seven years (1987–1994) · last checked 2026-09-22
14. Velie BD, Milden T, Miller H, Haase B (University of Sydney), BMC Veterinary Research — An estimation of osteochondrodysplasia prevalence in Australian Scottish Fold cats: a retrospective study using VetCompass data (BMC Vet Res 2023;19:252)
    Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia was clinically diagnosed in 1.1% (12 of 1,131) and clinically suspected in 5.7% of Scottish Fold cats in Australian primary-care records. Median age at diagnosis was 20 months. The authors note this contrasts with the widespread belief that all folded cats are clinically affected, and say further evidence is needed.
    Published 2023 · 34,926 patient records from 1,248 cats (1,131 Scottish Fold, 117 Scottish Shorthair) across 139 Australian veterinary clinics, 1992–2018 · last checked 2026-09-22
15. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis — Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA-b) — Bengal
    PRA-b is an autosomal recessive blindness of Bengal cats. Retinal cell loss begins at around 7 weeks of age and progresses until vision is severely compromised by roughly 2 years. A DNA test identifies affected and carrier cats.
    Published 2026 · Breed-specific diagnostic test documentation · last checked 2026-09-22
16. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis — Glycogen Storage Disease type IV (GSD IV) in Norwegian Forest Cats
    GSD IV in Norwegian Forest Cats is autosomal recessive, caused by a 6.1 kb deletion removing exon 12 of the feline GBE1 gene. Affected cats develop clinical disease after four months of age, progressing from muscle tremors and weakness to non-ambulatory tetraparesis with limb contracture. A DNA test identifies carriers.
    Published 2026 · Breed-specific diagnostic test documentation · last checked 2026-09-22
17. Cannon MJ, MacKay AD, Barr FJ, Rudorf H, Bradley KJ, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Veterinary Record — Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats in the United Kingdom (Vet Rec 2001;149:409–411)
    Establishes polycystic kidney disease as common in UK Persians. Across published ultrasound surveys in several countries, PKD has been reported in roughly 36–49% of Persian and Persian-related cats; the 36–49% range is the span across those studies, not a figure from this one alone. PKD is regarded as the most common inherited disease of cats, and UK prevalence has fallen where screening programmes operate.
    Published 2001-10 · 132 Persian cats in the UK — 126 examined by ultrasonography with a 7.5 MHz sector scanner, 6 post-mortem · last checked 2026-09-22
18. Gundler S, Tidholm A, Häggström J, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica — Prevalence of myocardial hypertrophy in a population of asymptomatic Swedish Maine Coon cats (Acta Vet Scand 2008;50:22)
    Myocardial hypertrophy was present in 9.5% of asymptomatic Maine Coons using a 6.0 mm left ventricular wall threshold, rising to 26.2% at a 5.0 mm threshold. The authors concluded a normal cat's left ventricular wall is 5.0 mm or less. Demonstrates that prevalence figures depend heavily on the diagnostic threshold chosen.
    Published 2008 · 42 asymptomatic Maine Coon cats (10 male, 32 female) aged 0.7–9.3 years, screened by echocardiography · last checked 2026-09-22
19. Borgeat K, Casamian-Sorrosal D, Helps C, Luis Fuentes V, Connolly DJ, Journal of Veterinary Cardiology — Association of the myosin binding protein C3 mutation (MYBPC3 R820W) with cardiac death in a survey of 236 Ragdoll cats (J Vet Cardiol 2014)
    Ragdoll cats homozygous for the MYBPC3 R820W mutation had shorter survival than wild-type or heterozygous cats, consistent with incomplete dominance. Heterozygotes are not likely to show signs and may live a normal lifespan, while homozygotes are at high risk of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, usually at one to two years of age. A DNA test for the variant exists.
    Published 2014 · 236 Ragdoll cats surveyed · last checked 2026-09-22
20. Rand JS, Bobbermien LM, Hendrikz JK, Copland M (University of Queensland), Australian Veterinary Journal — Over representation of Burmese cats with diabetes mellitus (Aust Vet J 1997;75:402–405)
    Burmese cats made up 20% of diabetic cats of known breed against 7% of the normoglycaemic reference population (P < 0.001), establishing breed over-representation for diabetes mellitus. The elevated risk is documented in Australian, New Zealand and European Burmese lines and has not been observed to the same degree in North American Burmese.
    Published 1997 · Retrospective study over 22 months: 45 diabetic cats of known breed against a normoglycaemic reference population of 2,203 cats, Queensland, Australia · last checked 2026-09-22
21. Teng KT, Brodbelt DC, Pegram C, Church DB, O'Neill DG (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Scientific Reports — Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom (Sci Rep 2022;12:6415)
    Life expectancy at age 0 for UK companion dogs is 11.23 years (95% CI 11.19–11.27); 11.41 years for females and 11.07 for males. Of the breeds analysed, the Jack Russell Terrier had the longest life expectancy at 12.72 years and the French Bulldog the shortest at 4.53 years.
    Published 2022-04-28 · 30,563 confirmed deaths among 876,039 dogs of 18 breeds plus crossbreds under UK primary veterinary care, January 2016 to July 2020 · last checked 2026-09-22
22. O'Neill DG, Meeson RL, Sheridan A, Church DB, Brodbelt DC (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Genetics and Epidemiology — The epidemiology of patellar luxation in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England (Canine Genet Epidemiol 2016;3:4)
    Patellar luxation was diagnosed in 1.30% of dogs overall (95% CI 1.21–1.39). The Pomeranian carried the highest breed odds of any breed studied at 6.5 times crossbred dogs (95% CI 4.0–10.7, P < 0.001), ahead of the Chihuahua (5.9) and Yorkshire Terrier (5.5). Of 751 incident cases, 39.0% were managed medically, 13.2% had surgery and 3.7% were referred.
    Published 2016 · 210,824 dogs attending 119 primary-care clinics in England · last checked 2026-09-22
23. Mealey KL, Meurs KM (Washington State University), Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association — Breed distribution of the ABCB1-1Δ (multidrug sensitivity) polymorphism among dogs undergoing ABCB1 genotyping (JAVMA 2008)
    The ABCB1-1Δ (MDR1) allele was found in nine breeds plus many mixed-breed dogs: Collie, Longhaired Whippet, Australian Shepherd (standard and miniature), Shetland Sheepdog, Old English Sheepdog, Border Collie, Silken Windhound and German Shepherd Dog. Allele frequency was 29% in Australian Shepherds and 20% in Miniature Australian Shepherds. Dogs carrying it are susceptible to adverse reactions to ivermectin, loperamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and other drugs.
    Published 2008 · 5,368 dogs genotyped from buccal swabs, North America, May 2004 to September 2007 · last checked 2026-09-22
24. Xenoulis PG, Suchodolski JS, Levinski MD, Steiner JM (Texas A&M University), Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Investigation of hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers (JVIM 2007;21(6):1224)
    63 of 192 Miniature Schnauzers (32.8%) had serum triglyceride concentrations above the reference range, against 2 of 38 control dogs (5.3%), establishing a strong breed predisposition to hypertriglyceridaemia. Prevalence and severity increase with age.
    Published 2007-11 · 192 healthy Miniature Schnauzers against 38 control dogs of other breeds · last checked 2026-09-22
25. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica — In sickness and health — a questionnaire-based study regarding immune-mediated diseases and neoplasia in Swedish Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (Acta Vet Scand 2024)
    Estimated lifetime prevalence in this population was 3.0% for immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and 3.5% for steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA). Neoplasia of some kind was reported in 14% of the living dogs. IMRD resembles systemic lupus erythematosus in humans.
    Published 2024 · Questionnaire sent to 4,102 current and former owners of Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers in Sweden; 935 living dogs reported on · last checked 2026-09-22
26. O'Neill DG, Lee MM, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Sanchez RF (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Genetics and Epidemiology — Corneal ulcerative disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in England: epidemiology and clinical management (Canine Genet Epidemiol 2017;4:5)
    Corneal ulcerative disease affected 0.80% of dogs overall. Breed prevalence was highest in the Pug (5.42%), Boxer (4.98%), Shih Tzu (3.45%), Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (2.49%) and Bulldog (2.41%). Brachycephalic types had 11.18 times the odds of crossbreds (95% CI 8.72–14.32) and spaniel types 3.13 times (95% CI 2.38–4.12); purebreds overall had 2.23 times the odds.
    Published 2017 · 104,233 dogs attending 110 VetCompass clinics in England during 2013; 834 confirmed cases · last checked 2026-09-22
27. O'Neill DG, Volk AV, Soares T, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Pegram C (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Medicine and Genetics — Frequency and predisposing factors for canine otitis externa in the UK — a primary veterinary care epidemiological view (Canine Med Genet 2021;8:7)
    One-year period prevalence of otitis externa was 7.30% (95% CI 6.97–7.65). Breed and ear carriage were the highest ranked risk factors; sixteen breed types had increased odds against crossbreds, led by the Basset Hound (OR 5.87), Chinese Shar Pei (3.44), Labradoodle (2.95), Beagle (2.54) and Golden Retriever (2.23). Spaniel types had 1.24 times the odds of non-spaniel types (95% CI 1.05–1.47).
    Published 2021 · Random sample of 22,333 dogs from 905,554 under UK primary veterinary care during 2016 · last checked 2026-09-22
28. Engdahl KS, Brodbelt DC, Cameron C, Church DB, Hedhammar Å, O'Neill DG (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Medicine and Genetics — Demography and disorders of English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK (Canine Med Genet 2023;10:4)
    The most common disorders were periodontal disease (20.97%), otitis externa (10.09%), obesity (9.88%) and anal sac impaction (8.07%). Median lifespan was 11.44 years (IQR 9.46–13.47), 12.01 years for females and 11.00 for males.
    Published 2023 · 10,313 English Cocker Spaniels, 3.06% of 336,865 dogs under UK primary veterinary care in 2016 · last checked 2026-09-22
29. Wess G, Schulze A, Butz V, Simak J, Killich M, Keller LJM, Maeurer J, Hartmann K (Ludwig Maximilians University Munich), Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers in various age groups (JVIM 2010;24(3):533–538)
    Cumulative prevalence of cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers was 58.2%, calculated across all dogs with cardiomyopathy against healthy Dobermanns older than seven years. Diagnosis required more than 100 ventricular premature contractions in 24 hours on Holter, or abnormal echocardiography — so a substantial share of affected dogs are detected before any clinical sign.
    Published 2010 · 775 examinations of 412 Doberman Pinschers in a prospective longitudinal cohort across several European countries; each examination combined echocardiography with 24-hour Holter ECG · last checked 2026-09-22
30. Klopfenstein M, Howard J, Rossetti M, Geissbühler U (University of Bern), BMC Veterinary Research — Life expectancy and causes of death in Bernese mountain dogs in Switzerland (BMC Vet Res 2016;12:153)
    Median life expectancy was 8.4 years (IQR 6.9–9.7), 8.8 years for females and 7.7 for males. Neoplasia caused 58.3% of deaths (222 of 381 dogs), the predominant cause of mortality in the breed. Histiocytic sarcoma accounted for 10.4% of neoplastic cases (23 of 222), with males at 3.13 times the relative risk of females. The authors note most tumours lacked histological confirmation.
    Published 2016-07-25 · 389 dogs, 30.2% of 1,290 Bernese Mountain Dogs registered in Switzerland in 2001–2002 · last checked 2026-09-22
31. Chang HS, Kamishina H, Mizukami K, Momoi Y, Katayama M, Rahman MM et al. (Gifu University), Journal of Veterinary Medical Science — Genotyping assays for the canine degenerative myelopathy-associated SOD1 c.118G>A mutation: a high prevalence in the Pembroke Welsh Corgi breed in Japan (J Vet Med Sci 2013;75:795–798)
    In this Japanese population, genotype frequencies were 9.0% wild-type (G/G), 42.6% heterozygous carriers (G/A) and 48.4% at-risk homozygotes (A/A), a mutant A allele frequency of 69.7%. Degenerative myelopathy is adult-onset and progressive, and a DNA test for the SOD1 c.118G>A variant is widely available. Frequencies differ substantially between countries and have fallen where breeders test.
    Published 2013 · Pembroke Welsh Corgis surveyed in Japan by conventional and real-time PCR genotyping · last checked 2026-09-22
32. Prieto Ramos J, Corda A, Swift S et al., Animals (Basel) — Clinical and echocardiographic findings in an aged population of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (Animals 2021;11(4):949)
    All 126 aged Cavaliers were diagnosed with myxomatous mitral valve disease, and a systolic murmur was detected in 112 (89%). Severity varied widely: 44.4% showed no echocardiographic sign of cardiac remodelling (stage B1), 55.6% had chamber enlargement (stage B2 or higher), and only 8.6% reached the most advanced remodelling score. Universal presence in old age does not mean universal progression to costly disease.
    Published 2021 · 126 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels aged 8 years or older (8–16.3 years, median 10.3) · last checked 2026-09-22
33. O'Neill DG, Skipper AM, Kadhim J, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), PLOS ONE — Disorders of Bulldogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013 (PLOS ONE 2019;14(6):e0217928)
    Median longevity of Bulldogs was 7.2 years (6.7 for males, 7.9 for females). The most prevalent disorders were otitis externa (12.7%), pyoderma (8.8%) and overweight/obesity (8.7%). A companion VetCompass study found English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of being diagnosed with at least one disorder compared with other dogs, and the breed carries the highest odds of caesarean section among dystocic bitches (OR 7.60 against crossbreds).
    Published 2019-06-12 · Bulldogs under UK primary veterinary care during 2013, clinical records reviewed manually · last checked 2026-09-22
34. Packer RMA, Seath IJ, O'Neill DG, De Decker S, Volk HA (Royal Veterinary College), Canine Genetics and Epidemiology — DachsLife 2015: an investigation of lifestyle associations with the risk of intervertebral disc disease in Dachshunds (Canine Genet Epidemiol 2016;3:8)
    Overall prevalence of intervertebral disc disease was 15.7% (95% CI 14.1–17.3). Breed variety mattered substantially: the Standard Smooth-Haired Dachshund had the highest prevalence at 24.4% (95% CI 22.5–26.3) and the Standard Wire-Haired the lowest at 7.1% (95% CI 6.0–8.2). Older and neutered dogs were at increased odds.
    Published 2016 · Web-based survey of 2,031 individual Dachshunds, January to April 2015; 310 veterinary-diagnosed IVDD cases · last checked 2026-09-22
35. O'Neill DG, Coulson NR, Church DB, Brodbelt DC (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Genetics and Epidemiology — Demography and disorders of German Shepherd Dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK (Canine Genet Epidemiol 2017;4:7)
    Median longevity was 10.3 years (IQR 8.0–12.1, range 0.2–17.0). The most prevalent disorders were otitis externa (7.89%), osteoarthritis (5.54%), diarrhoea (5.24%), overweight/obesity (5.18%) and aggression (4.76%). The most common causes of death were musculoskeletal disorder (16.3%) and inability to stand (14.9%).
    Published 2017 · German Shepherd Dogs under UK primary veterinary care during 2013, from the VetCompass database · last checked 2026-09-22
36. Raffan E, Dennis RJ, O'Donovan CJ et al. (University of Cambridge), Cell Metabolism — A deletion in the canine POMC gene is associated with weight and appetite in obesity-prone Labrador Retriever dogs (Cell Metab 2016;23(5):893–900)
    A 14 base-pair deletion in the POMC gene, disrupting the β-MSH and β-endorphin coding sequences, was present in 23% of 411 pet Labradors and in around three-quarters of 81 Labrador assistance dogs. It is associated with greater body weight (about 2 kg on average), higher adiposity and markedly greater food motivation: affected dogs begged more, attended more closely at mealtimes and scavenged more often.
    Published 2016-05 · 411 pet Labrador Retrievers in the UK and US, plus 81 Labrador assistance dogs · last checked 2026-09-22
37. O'Neill DG, Baral L, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Packer RMA (Royal Veterinary College, VetCompass), Canine Genetics and Epidemiology — Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013 (Canine Genet Epidemiol 2018;5:3)
    French Bulldogs made up 0.49% of dogs under UK primary veterinary care in 2013, having risen from 0.02% of the annual birth cohort in 2003 to 1.46% by 2013 — one of the fastest breed expansions on record. The breed is predisposed to ocular, respiratory, neurological and dermatological disorders.
    Published 2018 · 2,228 French Bulldogs among 445,557 dogs under UK primary veterinary care during 2013 · last checked 2026-09-22

Regional Cost Comparison

Annual running cost for a Golden Retriever (medium dog, excl. first-year setup) by region, using the location multipliers applied in our calculator.

Base annual cost: $3,005 (Golden Retriever, US national average). Regional multipliers from our methodology.